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UNION OF THE LEFT INTERNATIONAL
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Argentina. Generals caught up with by the black years military junta.
Argentina. Generals caught up with by the black years military junta.
March 24, 1976, the soldiers fomented a blow d'État. The bloody dictatorship made 30 000 dead and disappeared. Thirty years of combat so that, in the name of the victims, justice is returned.
The Argentinian ones will celebrate a painful birthday tomorrow. Thirty years ago, a cover of lead s'abattait on l'Argentine in prey with the economic and social bankruptcy, with the resignation of the leading elites, the decomposition d'un apparatus peronist where in l'ombre of legendary Evita, grelotte Isabelita, the third woman of Juan Peron. This 24 March 1976, a military junta directed by the Videla General reverses the government d'Isabel Peron.
The country does not know yet only s'ouvre one of the blackest periods of its history, which will show the disappearance of 30 000 people. C'est the beginning of " will guerra sucia " (the dirty war). Within the framework of l'operation " Condor " it extends its influence to d'autres dictatorial countries d'Americ of the South also not very concerned of the respect of the human rights.
The junta has recourse to all the means to kill in l'oeuf the least movement of rebellion and to subdue those which, on the left and with l'extrême left, have recourse to the violent actions. The armed forces practise an infinitely worse " terrorism d'État", at the price d'une brutal war and death of the innocent ones.
Repression s'étend with all the opponents with the mode. Concerned d'éviter the international reprobation raised by the blood bath perpetrated in Chile by Pinochet in 1973, l'armée develops a technique cruelly more subtle, resting on l'enlèvement systematic suspects and " subversive elements ", torture and their discrete elimination, in particular during night air flights. D'où the name of " desaparecidos ", disappeared, which per thousands haunts aujourd'hui the memory of the country.
Never since, the research of the victims n'a ceased and which can claim, better than " the insane ones of May ", like had baptized with contempt the soldiers, to symbolize resistance to terrorism d'État ?
The mothers of the victims, inlassablement since April 30, 1977, when they meet for the first time, turn in silence each week on the place of May in the opposite direction of the needles d'une shows, raising a rotten white symbolizing the lange their qu'elles children seek and in the name of whom they do not cesssent to claim justice.
For them, one does not know yet the end of l'histoire. But at least one knows qu'après the respite imposed at the time of the World cup of football, the Argentinian junta n'a not survived his failure in the war of the Falklands (1982), last start d'un mode with the barks and constrained d'organiser of the elections the victory of Raul Alfonsin in 1983 marks the return to the democracy then.
The principal chiefs of the dictatorship, Videla, Will mass, were considered and condemned. But never these judgements n'ont be with the height of the committed crimes. Alfonsin had promised much : the research of disappeared, l'ouverture of the prisons and the military files.
Parents of the victims, associations of the rights of l'homme, left had initially to be satisfied d'une commission with research on the people missing (Conadep) limited and with the judgment from the soldiers before the laws known as d'impunity (law of the final point of 1986 and law on the duty d'obéissance l'année following, supplemented by the graces granted by Menem in 1990-1991) put practically a term at the lawsuits which were brought to them and exonerate their crimes a d'entre thousand them.
One will have needed the determination of associations and the organizations of defense of the rights of l'homme so that Argentinian justice does its slow and patient work. The vague progressist who has traversed l'Americ Latin for three years n'y is not for nothing.
The new president (peronist) Nestor Kirchner, incontestably, opened ways, where the other governments jusqu'ici had multiplied them
obstacles. Most significant were l'abolition of the laws d'amnistie, confirmed by the supreme Court of justice at at the end of 2005. One estimates aujourd'hui at 400 the number of soldiers which can be returned in front of the courts.
Currently a hundred only, of which good d'ex-members number of the forces of safety, are held, in fact assigned with residence. The majority of the cases depend on two méga-files : that of l'ESMA, school of mechanics of the marine of Buenos Aires which was one of the principal centers of torture and disappearance, and that of the 1st body d'armée of the area of Buenos Aires. L'ESMA was declared " place of memory and museum " on March 24, 2004.
Some of the worst criminals prevailed there and will have from now on to answer their acts, like Alfredo Astiz, currently with the domiciliary stops, condemned to the prison with perpetuity in France for the disappearance of the two chocolate éclairs, Alice Domon and Leonie Duquet (see below). To l'espoir caused by the new course given to the research of the truth and justice, s'ajoute now l'urgence imposed by time.
Because considerable prevented old risk through delays " d'emporter in the tomb of the secrecies concerning disappeared ", like l'a says Estela Carloto, president of the grandmothers of the place of L'impatience May of the parents and the families joined here the memory and the dreams of their children.
Bernard Duraud
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